1/25/2020 0 Comments Organizational Development and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsOrganizational Development and Change - Essay Example (Worley and Christopher, 2009:76) This paper analyses why climate change is classified to be a ‘super wicked’ problem, viable options for meaningful change and stakeholder engagement, how can we reach consensus on the global problem and the current state of the global players and their resistance to or acceptance of the problem in relation to organisational change. Global Climate Change as a Super Wicked Problem Climate Change resulting from human activity has been acknowledged as of the main problems affecting the world. It has been observed a remarkable effect on the natural and built environments (Horstmann, 2008). In general, global temperature has increased over the decades and this is mainly cause by human activity emanating from an increase in concentration of Green House Gases (GHG) in the atmosphere (Ainslie, 2001: 37). The present levels of GHG have reached the highest ever since the Industrial Revolution (Barkin, 2006: 59). In a move to evaluate the specific challenges facing the climate, we look at the tradition view of ‘wicked problems’. Wicked problems were viewed as lacking straightforward and simple solutions (Australian Public Service Commission, 2007: 23). However, recent studies have shown that climate change has more features than most ‘wicked problems’ thus qualifying it to be ‘a super wicked problem’. The policy characteristics are based on the features of adverse global climate change problems including, uncertainty, complexity and their long – term nature and the need for immediate intervention (Beinecke, 2009: 15). The characteristics of climate change as ‘a super wicked problem’ are explained as follows. First, there is no specific formulation of ‘a super wicked problem’ implying that we must establish the causes of the problems and its solutions in order to get a better understanding of the problem (Finegan, 2010: 123). Second, there is lack of a true solution to ‘a super wicked problem’ expressing that even though destructive human activity was stopped, there would be some level of climate change resulting from other factors. Third, ‘a super wicked problem’ is either good or bad not true or false. This is because for wicked problems, the quest is not to come up with the truth but rather to discover ways of mitigating the impact of climate change. Fourth, there is no sure or ultimate solution to ‘a super wicked problem’ as the proposed remedies may have negative effects that are not stated in advance. Fifth, all solutions to ‘a super wicked problem’ are a one shot activity and there is no chance to learn through trial and error, therefore, every attempt is considered to be important. Sixth, ‘a super wicked problem’ does not have a set of exhaustive solutions (Finegan, 2010: 123). The solutions to climate change are somewhat contested implying that there is no one specific solution that will stabilize GHG emission, it can only reduce it. Seventh, every ‘super wicked problem’ is considered to be unique. For instance, climate change varies across nations, communities and ecosystems (Lovejoy, 2005: 15). Eight, every wicked problem is observed to be connected to another (Frame, 2007: 1114). For example, climate change is viewed as a consequence of poor economic growth, failing institutions and population influx. Nine, the existence of ‘
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12/30/2019 0 Comments The Biology of the Venom of Hapalochlaena Maculosa :: Poisonous Australia Wildlife EssaysThe Biology of the Venom of Hapalochlaena maculosa Hapalochlaena maculosa, commonly known as the blue-ringed octopus, is a golf ball-sized cephalopod inhabiting the waters around Tasmania and southeastern Australia with a highly potent neurotoxin that it uses as a predatory and defensive mechanism. H. maculosa does not actually synthesize its venom, but rather, the neurotoxin (known as maculotoxin) is produced by a bacterial symbiont of the octopus that lives in its salivary glands. While not overly aggressive, H. maculosa has been known to bite humans when they disturb the usually reclusive octopus. Tetrodotoxin (TTX), the principle component of maculotoxin, inhibits the nervous system by binding to sodium channels on nerve cells to prevent the flow of sodium and release of neurotransmitters. Recent findings have shown that there are sodium channel variants that are either immune or resistant to tetrodotoxin. In most humans, however, victims of the blue-ringed octopus’s neurotoxin will enter into increasingly dangerous stages of paralysis, which will often end in death of the victim without medical assistance. Sustained medical care for the duration of the toxin’s effects will improve the likelihood of a victim’s survival, but mortality rates are still staggeringly high despite current medical efforts and attempts to find an antidote. Introduction Australia is home to many of the most venomous animals in the world. Many people know that the bites from many of Australia’s snakes and spiders or the stings from its jellyfish and scorpions can be lethal, and oftentimes images of a person writhing in agony as a toxin courses through his or her body come to mind. However, one of Australia’s deadliest creatures has a toxin that works in a very different way. The venom of Hapalochlaena maculosa, or the blue-ringed octopus, causes relatively little pain, but its effects are much more terrifying for the victim. This venom, known as maculotoxin, is an unusual venom both in how it has come to be the weapon of the blue-ringed octopus and in how it works. Physical Biology H. maculosa is a member of Class Cephalopoda and Family Octopodidae. The octopus is made up of a main body, or head, in which there is a well-developed brain, a mouth region that houses the beak, and a pair of eyes. Surrounding the mouth are eight or ten tentacles which are lined with suckers. Within the mantle cavity are the visceral organs, including the venom apparatus (Halstead et al.
12/22/2019 0 Comments Press release critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsPress release critique - Essay Example Change, variety, and diversity are critical as far as art is concerned, an aspect that makes the release vital to the academic, community, and social fraternity. Media outlets approachable with this release include, but are not limited to, online platforms, print media, and the broadcast media. This is because the highlights made in the release are appealing to the intended audience. The release is purposeful and driven by an identifiable goal to display and position “Kora†in the contemporary artwork. In this respect, the lead works because it does not only present Liou’s masterwork, but also adds variety and diversity to contemporary art. At a personal level, the release is interesting because it brings into perspective both “Kora†and Mount Kailash. While many people may not pay attention to the two, it is captivating to learn about both “Kora†and Mount Kailash with respect to the ‘State of the Art’ Show. However, the press release fails to capture personal inspiration or motivation behind Professor Liou pursuing the “Kora†from an artistic point of view. Amid this, the length of the release was appropriate because all the information presented is relevant to the subject matter. Finally, the following questions emerge after reading the
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